Its' been counted that on screen we witness Cage dying 24 times to relive the same day over again, in actuality in the context of restarts from the moment he first dies to the end of the movie when he literally has to win the war by himself its been estimated he has died the equivalent length of 13 years, In that passage of time, that amount of repeats is nearly 5000 deaths. With the hope of getting a step closer to killing the Omega Mimic or the queen hive of the alien species. So that he can one day escape his time loop and break free to see tomorrow.
The screenplay adaptation was written by Christopher McQuarrie, who has both written and directed Tom Cruise in the 2nd trilogy of Mission Impossible Films, and is set to do the future installments. As a side note - McQuarrie wrote 4 other of Cruises earlier films, that includes Valkyrie, The Mummy, Top Gun: Maverick, and Jack Reacher.
Separately, Edge of Tomorrow was directed by Doug Liman whom Cruise had the opportunity to work again with a few years later on 'American Made'.
The obvious go to comparison would be Groundhogs day meets Aliens, which is an acute observation. With Bill Murray's Character Phil Connors a self absorbed weather man who gets trapped in a time loop. In the lesson achieved for spiritual enlightenment; director Harrold Ramis had observed that according to Buddhist doctrine, it takes 10,000 years for a soul to evolve to its next level. So it was suggested that Connors would have repeated a hundred life times.
Another film that quietly tapped that stream of thinking was with Marion Cotillard and Leonardo DiCaprio in Christopher Nolan's Inception, when the couple entered into a dream that jumps into a dream within a dream and further into another dream, we learn that the passage of time now runs extremely different to the outside world. What was only one hour was actually 50 years trapped together in a plane of existence, which played out with Cotillard character seeking suicide upon escaping; and DiCaprio's character Cobb being haunted with a Flatliners impression of Cotillard's character Mal.
Another side note - the name Mal is a derivative of the word Malbouche - evil speak; which in Dante's inferno Malebranche (of the Divine comedy) that represents the 5th circle of hell.
This historic inspired source has led to both directly and indirectly to the original light novel source material, and that of the screenplay of an alien nemesis trapped in a repeated cycle of dying and re-living with Cage having the sole complete awareness of the passage of time and the whole journey.